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The vermilion flycatcher (''Pyrocephalus rubinus'') is a small passerine bird in the Tyrannidae, or tyrant flycatcher family. Most flycatchers are rather drab, but the vermilion flycatcher is a striking exception. It is a favorite with birders, but is not generally kept in aviculture, as the males tend to lose their vermilion coloration when in captivity. ==Taxonomy== When Pieter Boddaert first described the vermilion flycatcher in 1783, from a specimen collected in Tefé, Brazil, he assigned it to the genus ''Muscicapa'', believing it to be related to the many Old World flycatchers already belonging to that genus.〔 By the 1830s, however, taxonomists realized that Old World and New World flycatchers were not closely related, and the New World birds were moved from their former genera. In 1839, John Gould created the current genus ''Pyrocephalus'' for the vermilion flycatcher.〔 While it is considered a monotypic genus by many authorities, some taxonomists believe that one or both of the vermilion flycatcher subspecies found on the Galápagos Islands merit species status.〔 There are 12 widely recognized subspecies, which differ primarily in the color and saturation of the male's plumage and the color and amount of streaking of the female's. The boundaries between some of the subspecies are not well defined:〔 *''P. r. ardens'', described by John Todd Zimmer in 1941, is found in northern Peru, in extreme eastern Piura, Cajamarca and Amazonas.〔 *''P. r. blatteus'', described by Outram Bangs in 1911, is found in southeastern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala.〔 *''P. r. cocachacrae'', described by John Todd Zimmer in 1941, is found from southwestern Peru south to extreme northern Chile.〔 *''P. r. dubius'', described as a distinct species by John Gould in 1839 and sometimes referred to as the San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher,〔 is found on San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos archipelago.〔 *''P. r. flammeus'' *''P. r. mexicanus'', described by Philip Sclater is 1859, is found from southern Texas in the United States south to central and southern Mexico.〔 *''P. r. nanus'', described by John Gould in 1839, is found in the Galápagos Islands, except for San Cristóbal.〔 *''P. r. obscurus'', described by John Gould in 1839, is found in the Lima region of western Peru.〔 *''P. r. pinicola'', described by T. R. Howell in 1965, is found in eastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua.〔 *''P. r. piurae'', described by John Todd Zimmer in 1941, is found from western Colombia south to northwestern Peru.〔 *''P. r. rubinus'' *''P. r. saturatus'', described by Hans von Berlepsch and Ernst Hartert in 1902, is found in northeastern Colombia, western and northern Venezuela, Guyana and northern Brazil.〔 The validity of a thirteenth subspecies, ''P. r. major'', has been questioned, as its breeding grounds have never been found.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vermilion flycatcher」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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